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What Can Zakat Money Be Used For

Written By Sunday, January 2, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Form of almsgiving treated in Islam as a religious obligation or tax

Not to follow confused with Zagat.

Silver or gold coinage is one way of granting zakat.

Zakat (Arabic: زكاة; [zaˈkaːt], "that which purifies",[1] also Zakat Alabama-mal [zaˈkaːt alˈmaːl] زكاة المال, "zakat on wealth",[2] Beaver State Zakah)[3] is a form of almsgiving to the Muslim Ummah[1] treated in Muhammadanism as a religious obligation,[4] [5] which, by Quranic ranking, is next subsequently prayer (salah) in importance.[6]

As cardinal of the Five Pillars of Islam, zakat is a religious duty for all Muslims who meet the necessary criteria of wealth to help the needy.[7] It is a mandate charitable share, often considered to be a tax.[8] [9] The payment and disputes happening zakat receive played a John Major role in the history of Islam, notably during the Ridda wars.[10] [11] [ page needed ]

Zakat on wealth is based connected the value of all of one's possessions.[12] [13] It is customarily 2.5% (or 1⁄40 )[14] of a Muslim's total savings and wealthiness above a minimum amount known as nisab,[15] just Islamic scholars take issue on how much nisab is and other aspects of zakat.[15] According to Islamic doctrine, the collected total should be paid to the unfortunate and the needy, Zakat collectors, recent converts to Islam, those to be freed from slaveholding, those in debt, in the causa of Allah and to benefit the stranded traveller.

Today, in most Muslim-majority countries, zakat contributions are voluntary, while in Libya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Yemen, zakat is mandated and concentrated by the state (American Samoa of 2022).[16] [17]

Shias, different Sunnis, traditionally regarded zakat equally a tete-a-tete and volunteer action, and they give zakat to imaum-sponsored rather than res publica-sponsored collectors.[18] [19] [20]

Etymology [edit]

It came from Arabic root ز ك و. It means refinement .[21] [1] Zakat is considered a way to purify one's income and wealth from sometimes worldly, impure ways of acquisition.[1] [22] [23] [24] Accordant to Sachiko Murata and William Chittick, "Just as ablutions purify the body and salat purifies the soul (in Islam), then zakat purifies possessions and makes them pleasing to God."[25] [26]

Doctrine [blue-pencil]

Quran [edit]

The Book discusses charity in many verses, some of which relate to zakat. The word zakat, with the meaning secondhand in Islam now, is found, for example, in suras: 7:156, 9:60, 19:31, 19:55, 21:73, 23:4, 27:3, 30:39, 31:4 and 41:7.[27] [28] Zakat is institute in the early Medinan suras and described as obligatory for Muslims.[26] It is given for the saki of salvation. Muslims believe those who give zakat derriere expect repay from God in the afterlife, while neglecting to give zakat can consequence in damnation. Zakat is considered part of the covenant between God and a Muslim.[26]

Poetry 2.177 (Picktall translation) sums risen the Quranic view of charity and almsgiving (Another name for Zakat is the "Poor Due"):

It is non righteousness that ye turn your faces to the East and the Benjamin West; but righteous is he who believeth in Allah and the Last Day and the angels and the Holy Scripture and the Nebiim; and giveth his wealth, for love of Him, to kinfolk and to orphans and the needy and the wayfarer and to those who take, and to set slaves free; and observeth proper hero-worship and payeth the poor people due. And those WHO keep their treaty when they attain one, and the tolerant in tribulation and adversity and fourth dimension of stress. Such are they who are sincere. Such are the Idol fearing. - 2:177

According to Yusuf al-Qaradawi, verse 9.5 of the Quran[29] makes zakat i of three prerequisites for pagans to get Muslims: "but if they repent, make prayers, and practice zakat they are your brethren in organized religion".[7]

The Quran also lists who should meet the benefits of zakat, discussed in Sir Thomas More item below.[30]

Hadith [edit out]

Each of the most trusted Sunnah collections in Muslimism have a book dedicated to zakat. Sahih Bukhari's Book 24,[31] [32] Sahih Muslim's Book 5,[33] [34] and Sunan Abu-Dawud's Book 9[35] [36] talk about various aspects of zakat, including who must pay, how much, when and what. The 2.5% rate is also mentioned in the hadiths.[37]

The hadiths admonish those who do non feed the zakat. According to the Hadith, refusal to pay or mockery of those WHO pay off zakat is a sign on of lip service, and God will not accept the prayers of such people.[38] [39] The Sunnah also describes God's penalisation for those who refuse or fail to pay zakat.[40] On the day of Judgment, those World Health Organization did non impart the zakat will Be held responsible and punished.[30]

The hadith contain advice on the United States Department of State-authorized collection of the zakat. The collectors are required not to take more than what is due, and those who are profitable the zakat are asked not to dodge defrayal. The hadith also warn of punishment for those who take zakat when they are not eligible to receive IT (see Distribution beneath).[30]

Amount [edit]

The amount of zakat to be reply-paid by an individual depends on the sum and the type of assets the individual possesses. The Quran does not provide special guidelines on which types of wealth are taxable under the zakat, nor does IT specify percentages to be given. But the conventional praxis is that the amount of zakat post-free happening Das Kapital assets (e.g. money) is 2.5% ( 1⁄40 ).[41] Zakat is to boot due happening rural goods, precious metals, minerals, and livestock at a rate varying between 2.5% and 20% (1/5), conditional the type of goods.[42] [43]

Zakat is usually payable on assets continuously owned over one and only lunar twelvemonth that are in superfluous of the nisab, a minimum monetary value.[44] However, Islamic scholars have disagreed on this issue. For example, Abu Hanifa did non regard the nisab restrict to be a pre-requisite for zakat, in the pillowcase of land crops, fruits and minerals.[45] Other differences 'tween Islamic scholars on zakat and nisab are acknowledged as follows aside Yusuf al-Qaradawi,[15]

Unequal prayers, we observe that even the ratio, the exemption, the kinds of wealth that are zakatable are subject to differences among scholars. Such differences have serious implications for Muslims in a broad way when it comes to their application of the Islamic obligation of zakat. For example, whatsoever scholars consider the wealth of children and insane individuals zakatable, others don't. Some scholars consider each agricultural products zakatable, others restrict zakat to specific kinds only. Some consider debts zakatable, others preceptor't. Similar differences exist for business assets and women's jewelry. Approximately require certain minimum (nisab) for zakatability, some don't. etc. The same kind of differences also exist about the disbursement of zakat.
 – Shiekh Mahmud Shaltut[15]

Failure to pay [edit]

The outcome of failure to pay zakat has been a subject of extensive legal argumentation in traditional Monotheism jurisprudence, particularly when a Muslim is willing to pay zakat but refuses to pay it to a certain group or the state.[47] [48] According to classical jurists, if the collector is unjust in the collection of zakat merely sporty in its distribution, the concealment of property from him is allowed.[47] If, on the other hand, the collector is just in the collection but unjust in the distribution, the concealment of property from him is an obligation (wajib).[47] Furthermore, if the zakat is concealed from a just collector because the property owner wanted to pay his zakat to the poor himself, they held that he should non be tortured for it.[47] If appeal of zakat by force was not executable, habituate of military force to extract it was seen equally even, as was through with by Abu Bakr during the Ridda Wars, on the argument that refusing to submit to just orders is a contour of treason.[47] However, Abu Hanifa, the founder of the Hanafi school, disapproved of fighting when the property owners contract to distribute the zakat to the poor themselves.[47]

Some classical jurists held the survey that whatsoever Muslim who consciously refuses to pay zakat is an apostate, since the failure to believe that it is a religious duty (fard) is a mannequin of unbelief (kufr), and should be killed.[49] [50] [51] However, prevailing opinion among classical jurists prescribed sanctions such as fines, imprisonment surgery bodily punishment.[47] Some classical and contemporary scholars such as Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh and Yusuf al-Qaradawi ingest stated that the person World Health Organization fails to pay Zakat should have the payment taken from them, along with half of his wealth.[52] [53] Additionally, those who failed to pay the zakat would face God's punishment in the afterlife happening the day of Judgment.[30]

In modern states where zakat defrayal is compulsory, nonstarter to pay is orderly aside state law similarly to tax evasion.[ citation needed ]

Distribution [edit]

According to the Quran's Surah Al-Tawba, there are eight categories of populate (asnaf) World Health Organization dispose to benefit from zakat monetary resource.[54]

"Alms are for the poor and the needy, and those employed to administer the (funds); for those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to Truth); for those enthralled and in debt; in the reason of Allah; and for the wayfarer: (thus is IT) consecrated by Allah, and Allah is well-lined of knowledge and wisdom."

Islamic scholars have traditionally interpreted this poetize every bit identifying the following octonary categories of Muslim causes to be the proper recipients of zakat:[56] [57]

  1. Those living without means of livelihood (Al-Fuqarā'),[56] the poor[57]
  2. Those who cannot meet their BASIC of necessity (Al-Masākīn),[56] the needy[57]
  3. To zakat collectors (Al-Āmilīyn 'Alihā)[56] [57]
  4. To persuade those sympathetic to surgery expected to change to Islam (Al-Mu'allafatu Qulūbuhum),[56] recent converts to Islam,[54] [57] [58] and potential allies in the cause of Islam[57] [59]
  5. To emancipated from slavery or servitude (Fir tree-Riqāb),[56] slaves of Muslims who have or intend to free from their master[ clarification necessary ] by means of a kitabah contract[57] [59]
  6. Those who have incurred overwhelming debts while attempting to satisfy their basic needs (Al-Ghārimīn),[56] debtors who in pursuit of a worthy goal incurred a debt[57]
  7. Those fighting for a religious cause or a cause of God (Fī Sabīlillāh),[56] or for Jihad in the way of life of Allah by means of pen, word, or sword,[60] or for Islamic warriors WHO crusade against the unbelievers but are non salaried soldiers.[57] [59] [61] : h8.17
  8. Wayfarers, stranded travellers (Ibnu Atomic number 13-Sabīl),[56] travellers who are traveling with a worthy goal but cannot reach their destination without business enterprise assist[57] [59]

Zakat should not equal given to one's personal parents, grandparents, children, grandchildren, spouses or the descendants of the Mohammed.[62]

Neither the Quran nor the Hadiths specify the congener division of zakat into the to a higher place eight categories.[63] According to the Reliance of the Traveller, the Shafi'i civilize requires zakat is to Be distributed equally among the eight categories of recipients, while the Hanafi school permits zakat to personify distributed to all the categories, some of them, or just one of them.[61] : h8.7 Classical schools of Moslem law, including Shafi'i, are unanimous that collectors of zakat are to be compensable inaugural, with the balance to be distributed equally amongst the odd vii categories of recipients, even in cases where one group's need is more demanding.[ citation requisite ]

Muslim scholars disagree whether zakat recipients can let in non-Muslims. Islamic learnedness, historically, has taught that only Muslims derriere be recipients of zakat.[64] In new multiplication, some state that zakat whitethorn exist paid to non-Muslims afterwards the needs of Muslims have been met, finding nothing in the Quran operating theater hadith to indicate that zakat should be paid to Muslims only.[62]

Additionally, the zakat finances may be spent on the administration of a centralized zakat collection system.[41] Representatives of the Salafi movement include propagation of Muslimism and any struggle in righteous cause among permissible ways of spending, while others indicate that zakat funds should be spent on social welfare and economic development projects, or science and technology education.[62] Some hold spending them for defense lawyers to be permissible if a Islamic country is under attack.[62] Also, IT is forbidden to pay out zakat funds into investments instead of beingness granted to unitary of the above eight categories of recipients.[65]

Role in society [redact]

The zakat is well thought out by Muslims to be an pretend of piousness through which one expresses concern for the well-being of fellow Muslims,[58] as well as protective social harmony between the wealthy and the poor.[66] Zakat promotes a more just redistribution of wealthiness and fosters a sensory faculty of solidarity amongst members of the Ummah.[67]

Historical drill [edit]

Zakat, an Islamic practice initiated by the Muslim prophesier Mohammed, was prime massed on the first base day of Muharram.[68] It has played an important persona throughout its account.[69] Schact suggests that the idea of zakat may throw entered Islamism from Jewish religion, with roots in the Hebrew and Semitic word zakut.[26] [70] Nonetheless, some Islamic scholars[70] disagree that the Qur'anic verses on zakat (Beaver State zakah) have roots in Judaism.[71]

The caliph Abu Bakr, believed by Sunni Muslims to be Muhammad's successor, was the first to institute a statutory zakat system.[72] Abu Bakr established the precept that the zakat must be compensated to the legitimate representative of Muhammad's authority (i.e. himself).[69] Early Muslims disagreed and refused to salary zakat to Abu Bakr, leading to accusations of apostasy and, ultimately, the Ridda wars.[10] [69] [73]

The indorsement and third caliphs, Umar ibn al-Khattab and Usman ibn Affan, continued Abu Bakr's codification of the zakat.[69] Uthman as wel altered the zakat accumulation communications protocol by decreeing that only "apparent" wealth was rateable, which had the effect of limiting zakat to largely existence paid on agricultural down and produce.[74] During the reign of Ali ibn Abu Talib, the issue of zakat was tied to legitimacy of his government. After Ali, his supporters refused to pay zakat to Muawiyah I, as they did not recognize his legitimacy.[69]

The practice of Islamic country-administered zakat was stubby-lived in Al Madinah. During the reign of Umar bin Abdul Aziz (717–720 A.D.), it is reported that no one in Medina needed the zakat. After him, zakat came more to embody well thought out American Samoa an individual responsibility.[69] This watch changed over Islamic chronicle. Sunni Muslims and rulers, for example, considered collecting and spending of zakat arsenic one of the functions of an Islamic state; this view has continued in progressive Islamic countries.[75]

Zakat is one of the quintet pillars of Islam, and in various Moslem polities of the past was expected to be paid by all practising Muslims who have the business enterprise means (nisab).[76] In addition to their zakat obligations, Muslims were encouraged to take in voluntary contributions (sadaqat).[77] The zakat was non collected from non-Muslims, although they were required to yield the jizyah tax.[78] [79] Depending on the region, the dominant allele portion of zakat went typically to Amil (the zakat collectors) or Sabīlillāh (those fighting for religious have, the caretaker of local mosque, or those working in the cause of God much as proselytizing not-Muslims to convert to Islam).[63] [80]

Contemporary practice [edit]

According to the research worker Russell Powell in 2010, zakat was mandatory by state law in Libya, Malaysia, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Yemen. In that location were government-run voluntary zakat contribution programs in Bahrain Island, Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Capital of Kuwai, Lebanon, Maldives and the United Arab Emirates.[81]

In a 2022 study conducted past the Institute for Social Insurance policy and Intellect that examined philanthropy for American Muslims in comparison to some other faith and non-organized religion groups, it was constitute that for American Muslims, Zakat was an important device driver of openhearted handsome. This results in Terra firma Muslims beingness the near likely faith radical studied to cost motivated to donate based on a believed religious obligation (zakat), and a "feeling that those with Thomas More should help those with less", referencing again the concept and interfaith imperative behind Zakat.[82]

Zakat status in Muslim countries [edit]

Country Status
Afghanistan Voluntary
Algeria Voluntary
Azerbaijan Voluntary
State of Bahrain Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary
Bangladesh Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary
Burkina Faso Voluntary
Republic of Chad Intentional
Arab Republic of Egypt Regulated by the state, but contributions are freewill
Numida meleagris Voluntary
Indonesia Regulated by the State, but contributions are voluntary
Iran Regulated past the nation, just contributions are voluntary
Republic of Iraq Voluntary
Jordan Organized by the State, but contributions are freewill
Kazakhstan Voluntary
State of Kuwait Regulated away the state, but contributions are voluntary
Lebanon Regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary
Libya Mandatory
Malaysia Mandatory
Maldives Regulated past the body politic, just contributions are voluntary
Mali Voluntary
Mauritania Voluntary
Marruecos Voluntary
Niger Freewill
Nigeria Voluntary
Oman Voluntary
Pakistan Mandatory
Qatar Voluntary
Saudi Arabia Mandatory
Senegal Self-imposed
Sierra Leone Voluntary
Somalia Voluntary
Sudan Mandatary
Syria Voluntary
Tajikistan Unpaid
Gambia Voluntary
Tunisia Voluntary
Turkey Voluntary
Turkmenistan Voluntary
United Arab Emirates Regulated by the state, merely contributions are voluntary
Uzbekistan Voluntary
Yemen Mandatory

[81]

Collecting [edit]

Now, in most Moslem countries, Zakat is at the delicacy of Muslims over how and whether to pay, typically implemented past fear of Supreme Being, peer pressure and an individual's grammatical category feelings.[16] Among the Sunni Muslims, Zakat committees, linked to a religious cause or local mosque, collect zakat.[83] Among the Shia Muslims, deputies on behalf of Imams collect the zakat.[84]

In six of the 47 Muslim-majority countries—Libya, Malaysia, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen—zakat is obligatory and self-possessed past the nation.[16] [17] [85] [86] In Jordan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Bangladesh, the zakat is regulated past the province, but contributions are voluntary.[87]

U.S. where Zakat is compulsory differ in their definition of the base for zakat computation.[85] Zakat is by and large levied on livestock (except in West Pakistan) and agricultural produce, although the types of subject livestock and produce dissent from country to country.[85] Zakat is imposed on cash and precious metals in four countries with varied methods of assessment.[85] Income is subject to zakat in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia, spell only Sudan imposes zakat on "wealth that yields income".[85] In Pakistan, property is exempt from the zakat calculation basis, and the compulsory zakat is primarily collected from the agriculture sector.[80]

Under required systems of zakat tax collection, such as Malaysia and Pakistan, nonpayment is very common and the zakat (alms tax) is regressive.[16] A sizable amoun of Muslims accept their duty to fund zakat, only deny that the state has a right to levy it, and they may pay zakat voluntarily while evading official collection.[85] In discretion-based systems of collection, studies suggest zakat is collected from and post-free only by a fraction of Muslim population who can give.[16]

In the United Realm, which has a Muslim minority, more than iii out of x Muslims gave to charity (Zakat beingness described atomic number 3 "the Muslim practise of charitable donations"), according to a 2022 poll of 4000 people.[88] Reported to the self-reported pate, British Muslims, on medium, gave US$567 to charity in 2022, compared to $412 for Jews, $308 for Protestants, $272 for Catholics and $177 for atheists.[88]

Statistical distribution [edit]

The primary sources of sharia also come not specify to whom the zakat should be professional – to zakat collectors claiming to represent one form of zakat beneficiary (for representative, poor), collectors who were representing religious bodies, or collectors representing the Islamic state.[63] [89] This has caused significant conflicts and allegations of zakat abuse within the Islamic community, both historically[63] and in neo times.[90]

Fi Sabillillah is the to the highest degree prominent asnaf in Southeast Asian Muslim societies, where IT broadly construed to include funding missionary work, Quranic schools and anything other that serves the Jemaah Islamiyah (ummah) in general.[91]

Role in club [edit out]

In 2012, Islamic business enterprise analysts estimated period of time zakat spending exceeded US$200 billion per yr, which they estimated to be 15 times more dai provided than yr aside the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.[92] [93] Islamic scholars and development workers state that much of this zakat practice is mismanaged, wasted Beaver State ineffective.[92] About a quarter of the Muslim planetary[94] continues to hold ou $1.25 a day or less, according to the 2012 report.[92]

A 1999 study of Sudan and Pakistan, where zakat is mandated by the state, estimated that zakat proceeds ranged between 0.3 and 0.5 percent of GDP, patc a to a greater extent Holocene report pose zakat proceeds in Malaysia at 0.1% of GDP.[85] These numbers are far below what was likely when the governments of these countries tried to Islamize their economies, and the collected sum of money is excessively small to have a sizeable macroeconomic effect.[85]

In a 2022 study,[95] Nasim Shirazi states widespread poverty persists in Moslem Earth despite zakat collections every year. Complete 70% of the Muslim population in most Muslim countries is impoverished and lives on to a lesser degree US$2 per mean solar day. In over 10 Muslim-majority countries, over 50% of the population lived on less than $1.25 per 24-hour interval income, states Shirazi.[95] Zakat has til now failed to relieve large weighing machine absolute poverty among Muslims in about Monotheism countries.[95]

[cut]

Zakat is necessary of Muslims only. For non-Muslims sustenance in an Islamic Department of State, sharia was historically seen as mandating jizya (poll tax).[96] Other forms of taxation on Muslims operating room non-Muslims, that have been exploited in Islamic history, admit kharaj (land tax),[97] khums (task on loot and loot seized from not-Muslims, sudden wealth),[98] ushur (revenue enhancement at state border, oceangoing port, and all metropolis border connected goods movement, customs),[99] kari (menage tax)[100] and chari (sometimes called maara, pasture tax).[101] [102]

There are differences in the interpretation and cathode-ray oscilloscope of zakat and unusual related taxes in various sects of Mohammedanism. For representative, khums is interpreted otherwise aside Sunnis and Shi'ites, with Shia expected to pay one fifth of their redundant income after expenses as khums, while Sunnis do not.[103] At to the lowest degree a tenth part of zakat and khums annually, among Shi'ites, after its accumulation aside Imam and his churchgoing deputies under its doctrine of niyaba, goes as income for its ranked system of Shia clergy.[84] [104] Among Ismaili sub-faction of Shias, the compulsory taxes which includes zakat, is called dasond, and 20% of the collected amount is fit aside as income for the Imams.[105] Some branches of Shia Islam plow the right to lead as Imam and right to receive 20% of self-possessed zakat and unusual alms as a hereditary reactionist of its clergy.[ citation needful ]

Sadaqah is another attendant condition for Polymonium caeruleum van-bruntiae, usually construed arsenic a discretional counterpart to zakat.[106]

Zakat al-Fitr [blue-pencil]

Zakat al-Fitr or Sadaqat al-Fitr [107] is other, smaller large-hearted responsibility, mandatory for all Muslims — male or female, minor or adult as recollective as He/she has the means to do soh — that is traditionally compensable at the end of the fasting in the Muslim Blessed month of Ramadan.[108] [109] The collected sum of money is used to pay the zakat collectors and to the poor Muslims so that they may be furnished with a way to lionise 'Eid al-Fitr (the fete of breaking the fast) following Ramadan, along with the rest of the Muslims.[110]

Zakat aluminum-Fitr is a unadjustable amount assessed per person, while Zakat Camellia State mal is based on personal income and property.[109] According to one source, the Hidaya Institution, the suggested Zakat al Fitr donation is based on the price of 1 Saa (approx. 3 kg) of Rice or wheat at local costs, (as of 2022, some $7.00 in the U.S.).[107] In U.K, according to Zakatcalc the values would be appx. £3.50 (wheat berry), £6.40 (barley), £15 (dates) and £20.50 (raisins) for twelvemonth 2022.[111]

See too [edit]

Islam related
  • Islamic economics
  • Islamic socialism
  • Moslem taxes
  • Jizya
  • Khums
  • Kharaj
  • Riba
  • Sadaqah
  • Qard al-Hassan
  • Zakat Council (Islamic Republic of Pakistan)
  • Fitrana, a contrasting form of zakat which follows the pillar of Sawm (fasting in Ramadan)
Charity practices in else religions
  • Dāna (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism)
  • Dasvandh (Sikhism)
  • Poor tithe (Judaism)
  • Tithe
  • Tithes in Judaism
  • Tithing in Mormonism
  • Tzedakah (Judaism)
Related contemporaneous topics
  • Remittance
  • Hawala
  • Informal measure transfer system

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Benda-Beckmann, Franz von (2007). Social Security between past and future: Ambonese networks of care and support. Afire Verlag, Münster. p. 167. ISBN978-3-8258-0718-4. Zakat literally means 'that which purifies'. It is a form of give which purifies worldly belongings from their worldly and sometimes impure means of acquisition, and which, reported to God's wish, moldiness be channeled towards the community of interests.
  2. ^ "Zakat Atomic number 13-Maal (Tithing)". Aliveness U.S.A. Archived from the pilot on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
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  4. ^ Salehi, M (2022). "A Study on the Influences of Islamic Values happening Iranian Accounting Practice and Development". Diary of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance. 10 (2): 154–182. doi:10.12816/0025175. Zakat is a religious tax that every Muslim has to wage.
  5. ^ Lessy, Z (2009). "Zakat (almsgiving) management in Indonesia: Whose job should it comprise?". Lah Riba Journal Ekonomi Islamism. 3 (1). zakat is alms-giving and religiously obligatory tax.
  6. ^ Hallaq, Wael (2022). The unrealistic state: Islam, politics, and modernity's lesson predicament. Newfound York: Columbia University Agitat. p. 123. ISBN9780231162562.
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  8. ^ Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Ṭūsī (2010), Concise Verbal description of Islamic Police and Legal Opinions, ISBN 978-1904063292, pp. 131–135
  9. ^ Hefner R.W. (2006). "Islamic economics and world capitalist economy". Society. 44 (1): 16–22. doi:10.1007/bf02690463. S2CID 153432583. Zakat is a tax levied on income and wealth for the resolve of their purification.
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Books and articles [edit]

  • P. Bearman ED. (2012). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Variation. Brill Online.
  • Joseph J. Cordes, Henry M. Robert D. Ebel, Jane Gravelle ED. (2005). Encyclopedia of Taxation and Tax program. City-like Found
  • John L. Esposito ed. (2009). The Oxford Cyclopaedia of the Islamic World. Oxford Press.
  • Huntsman, Shireen; Malik, Huma; Senturk, Recep (2005). Islam and Human Rights: Advancing a U.S.–Muslim Dialogue. Center for Strategic and World-wide Studies, 2005.

Further reading [edit]

  • Timur Kuran. 2022. "Zakat: Islam's Missed Opportunity to Limit Predatory Taxation."
  • Mattson, Ingrid (2003). "Status-Based Definitions of Need in Early Monotheism Zakat and Maintenance Laws". In Michael Bonner; Mine Ener; Amy Singer (explosive detection system.). Poverty and charity in Middle Northeastern contexts. SUNY Press. ISBN978-0-7914-5737-5.
  • Weiss, Holger (2002). "Zakāt and the Question of Social Welfare: An Introductory Essay happening Islamic Economic science and Its Implications for Social Welfare". In Weiss, Holger (male erecticle dysfunction.). Social welfare in Muslim societies in Africa. Nordic Africa Bring. ISBN978-91-7106-481-3.
  • Fiqh al Zakah (Vol. I), Dr. Yusuf atomic number 13 Qardawi
  • The Zakat Handbook: A Practical Guide for Muslims in the West
  • The Mental institution of Zakat: An Obligation and an Opportunity (2005) The Central Zakat Committee of The Council of Islamic Organizations of Greater Boodle

External links [edit]

  • Shia Muslims' view on Zakat
  • Sunni Muslims' view connected Zakat
  • Peasant opposition to the Islamic Zakat and the Christian Tithe, James Scott (1987), Daybook: Relation Studies in Society and History
  • The Influential Legacy of Dutch Islamic Policy on the Formation of Zakat (ALMS) Law in Modern Indonesia, Arskal Hector Hevodidbon (2006), Journal: Ocean Rim Law & Policy Review

What Can Zakat Money Be Used For

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakat

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